拥有数百年历史的地标广场重新设计,实现社区对灵活弹性、使用安全、树木保护和文化传承的愿景
摩尔广场

The redesign of downtown Raleigh's Moore Square reinvigorates the public park while paying homage to its historic roots
过去两百多年来,摩尔广场一直扮演着城市绿洲的角色,青草如茵丶绿树成荫的环境,让人们无论阴晴都能在这里悠然自得,欢度时光。如同全球享负盛名的公共广场,占地逾1.8公顷的公园为迎合当地市民变化不断的使用需求历经了多番变迁;然而,它作为公共空间的功能从未动摇。
摩尔广场的历史可追溯到两个多世纪之前。1792年,罗利市成为北卡州首府,同年,拥有测量师背景的参议员威廉·克里斯马斯(William Christmas)获国会推举为这座新城定制土地和街道规划方案,他从400多公顷的林地选取了当中160公顷进行开发,并参考了费城的规划格局,按几何网格布置罗利市的城市肌理。在当年众多规划举措中,保留至今的只剩下摩尔广场丶纳什广场和国会大厦广场,这些场地都是美国建国初期重要的市镇规划案例。

Public gatherings in Moore Square are a longstanding part of the city’s history
随年月过去,广场的景观形态丶空间和路径都已改变不少,但是那宽敞无边的草坪依然碧绿蓊郁。随着该区从住宅区慢慢发展为商业区,并从农产品交易中心过度成蓬勃的商贸重地(《吉姆·克劳法》年代的一条非裔美国人隔离街道也在其中),摩尔广场周遭的土地和建筑物在用途和性质上都改变许多。为了配合这些转变,广场原有的乡土景观也不免换了新面貌;这些仓促无序丶且越发频密的更新措施,为后来的改造工程埋下伏笔。
到了近年,公园的植被丶土壤和道路更因为频繁的大型活动和日常使用而承受巨大压力,加上周边社区的开发计划陆续启动,市政府不得不为广场谋求改造,以配合使用者日益变化的需求。Sasaki与罗利市政府丶利益相关单位和技术专家团队合作,以市民大众的利益为依归为摩尔广场制定规划改造方案。

Sasaki engaged the residents of Raleigh in a priorities assessment starting in 2014 with the goal of confirming the public’s hopes for the future

The park’s lawn meets the community’s demand for flexible open space
设计方案利用 “方篮”策略,对广场的历史布局加以保护和强化:开放式中央露天空间的四边将种满高大的遮阴树,如同一个绿意满溢的边框;广场的与街道相接一侧的人行道将会拓宽,同时增建宽敞的入口广场和一排排花岗岩矮墙座位,这不仅为了满足使用者要求,加强广场和相邻街区的连接,也让广场显得更高雅端庄;广场南侧的路边停车位会被移除,以宽广的长形广场取代,农夫市场和社区活动日后可在这里举行;各个十字路口的形态也得到重新设计,通过压缩路口宽度以提升行人过路安全。

Moore Square’s layout is flexible, with green space to run around on, and shade to sit and relax in
矗立于广场四周的老橡树绝对是公园的经典特色,部分树木树龄更已过二百年,别具历史价值。为保护这些珍贵的自然景观,关键的树根范围被划定为保护区,禁止行人进入。为确切落实这些保护措施,设计方案利用一系列悉心构建的步行通道丶矮围栏和地被植物,让行人自然而然地留在划定的路线上行走。如果各个保护区之间在规划或未来三十年发展过程中出现缝隙,管理者将种植新的树木加以填补,以确保边界保持完整。

Detailed planning around the perimeter of the Square ensured that the critical roots of each tree were undisturbed, even as walkways were revamped and new plantings were installed

The large oak trees that encircle Moore Square are an important part of the Square’s spirit

With the city sitting just beyond the Square, trees provide a sense of seclusion to visitors
在广场范围内,通行流线在沿用多年的X形基础上发展,其中一条新建的外缘路径,让访客有机会围绕中央草坪休闲漫步。中央草坪经重整后,带来灵活而开放的社区空间,适合用作季节性大型节目场地。整个草坪从西北到东南形成平缓的坡地,俨如一座绿意环抱的圆形剧场。三个昵称为“格罗夫客房 (Grove Rooms)”的小型聚会空间被树木保护区所围绕,艺术家布拉德·戈德堡(Brad Goldberg)设计的石墙坐席摆设其中,散发独有气氛。


The park is surrounded by massive oak trees, some of which are over 200 years old

Revitalization of the public lawn strengthened and prepared the space for large gatherings

In the interior of the square, circulation follows a historic X pattern, with reinforced connections to the surrounding streets

Newly implemented walkways make travel and sightlines through the square easy
In the interior of the square, circulation follows a historic X pattern, with reinforced connections to the surrounding streets
Newly implemented walkways make travel and sightlines through the square easy
摩尔广场东南角是星罗棋布公共设施群,当中以多用途的市民广场为轴心,朝向西面的互动喷泉立于其中,把午后以至黄昏的阳光映照得闪闪生辉,一排排遮阴树和灵活坐席则可以满足附近居民各种各样的户外活动需求。开敞透光的藤蔓架把市民广场南侧点缀,也发挥凝聚社区的功能,藤蔓架中央的一座小亭楼容纳了咖啡厅丶公共卫生间和储存空间,其设计受本地建筑风格启发,在外立面呈现石材丶木材和金属三种原生材料。摩尔广场设有无障碍游乐区,其设计主题使人想起广域山麓地区的材质和地形特色。

A small pavilion at the center of the trellis contains a restaurant and public restrooms

Moore Square’s central structure sits back as part of the treescape, with an elegant design that does not distract from the square’s core spirit

Local restaurant professionals helped guide the direction of the plaza’s cafe to ensure that it would be successful

The many facets of Moore Square ensure that it is a place for all generations of Raleigh residents

The square’s southern edge will host future farmers markets and other community events
A small pavilion at the center of the trellis contains a restaurant and public restrooms
Moore Square’s central structure sits back as part of the treescape, with an elegant design that does not distract from the square’s core spirit
Local restaurant professionals helped guide the direction of the plaza’s cafe to ensure that it would be successful
The many facets of Moore Square ensure that it is a place for all generations of Raleigh residents
The square’s southern edge will host future farmers markets and other community events

The newly redesigned Moore Square will bring the historic park into the future as Raleigh continues to grow and develop
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